一株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其耐铝特性研究

从甜瓜根际酸性土壤中分离筛选到1株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗菌，命名为A2。根据表型、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析，将其鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.。菌株A2对甜瓜枯萎病病原菌的相对防效为68.3%，且拮抗能力具有遗传稳定性。相比AlCl3处理，菌株A2对Al2(SO4)3表现出了更好的耐受性，最高可耐受50mmol/L Al3+。在含有A13+的S-LB培养基中，菌株最适生长温度为30 ℃；培养基初始pH值的降低会加剧A13+对菌株A2的毒害作用。研究结果可为含活性铝的酸性土壤中甜瓜枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌株资源和理论基础。     

硼肥用量对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

以郑单958和豫单606为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,探索不同硼肥用量对玉米产量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,施用适量硼肥可促进玉米生长发育,显著提高叶面积指数,使植株干物质积累量增加,同时硼肥能够促进干物质向果穗运输。施用硼肥能够促进玉米穗分化,使雌雄间隔期缩短,显著提高花丝数和花丝生长速率,进而增加穗粒数。施用硼肥显著提高玉米产量,且不同用量对其影响不同,3.33 mg/kg土壤硼肥处理的效果最为显著,郑单958和豫单606分别较不施硼肥处理增产14.3%和17.4%;施用量为13.3 mg/kg时郑单958增产3.5%;豫单606产生中毒症状,产量较对照降低4.4%。     

Phenotypic plasticity of two invasive alien plant species inside a deciduous forest in a strict nature reserve in Italy

ABSTRACT

Invasive alien plant species (IAPs) represent one of the main biological threats to biodiversity worldwide. Information about their phenotypic plasticity are needed to increase awareness about their future invasive potential. A study about phenotypic plasticity in response to contrasting light regimes and its quantification by a plasticity index (PI) of two IAPs (Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia) inside a Strict Nature Reserve was conducted. R. pseudoacacia showed a 70% higher PI, with a strongly greater value at morphological leaf level, associated with a greater ability to survive and grow in forest understory, explaining its greater widespread. Otherwise, A. altissima showed its highest PI at physiological level, which was associated with the ability to colonize and grow in environments with high-light regimes. Based on these results, the conservative management has limited the presence of A. altissima by its lower ability to grow in forest understory. In fact, the small-scale gaps in the forest infrastructure, that could allow its recruitment, are originated only from the death of a single tree or small group of trees. Regarding R. pseudoacacia, it is critical to maintain this type of management because any disturbances resulting in large openings could further promote its presence inside the Reserve.     

模毒蛾性信息素应用技术研究

模毒蛾Lymantria monacha是内蒙古大兴安岭林区重大森林害虫。通过对模毒蛾性信息素诱捕器应用技术的研究显示:不同类型的诱捕器诱虫效果不同,圆筒型和船型诱捕器的诱捕效果较好,方形的较差;诱捕器设置高度对诱虫效果的影响不同,设置在树冠下层和中层的诱捕器诱捕效果较好,上层的较差;不同设置距离的诱捕器的诱虫效果不同,随着设置距离的增加,诱捕器的诱捕量逐渐下降,设置于距林缘50 m的诱捕器诱虫效果最好,性信息素诱捕器的最远引诱距离可能为280 m。研究结果为利用性信息素对模毒蛾进行种群监测和防治提供了依据。     

案例教学法在高校园林植物应用课程的教学探索与实践

华南农业大学园林与风景园林专业为传统优势学科，扎实基础的园林植物应用课程已成为专业的特色课程。以华南农业大学的园林植物应用课程的教学实践为例，从课程案例库建立、课程组织与教学、课程考核与成绩评定3方面介绍了案例教学法在课程中的应用，并结合问卷调查和学生作业了解实施效果。结果显示，案例教学法有助于激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性，加深学生对园林植物在园林景观中的价值和作用的理解，增强其对园林植物的认知能力，以及根据场地特点和节庆应用目的等，从生态学、美学和植物文化角度选择和配置应用植物的能力。     

长期施肥处理对双季晚稻叶绿素荧光特征及籽粒产量的影响

研究施肥模式对水稻叶绿素含量及荧光参数的调节作用,对提高水稻光能利用效率及籽粒产量具有重要意义。本研究以水稻品种赣929为试验材料,比较长期定位施磷钾肥(PK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、等养分条件下70%氮磷钾肥配合施用30%有机肥(70F+30M)、50%氮磷钾肥配合施用50%有机肥(50F+50M)、30%氮磷钾肥配合施用70%有机肥(30F+70M)条件下水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量变化特征。结果表明,水稻旗叶叶绿素含量从齐穗期到成熟期呈下降趋势,且表现为30F+70M50F+50M70F+30MNPKPK。水稻叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm随水稻生育期的推进呈降低趋势,其中PK处理Fv/Fm值最低,而施氮处理比不施氮处理Fv/Fm值增加了2.85%～4.18%。叶绿素荧光参数qL、ΦPSII在NPK处理中表现为齐穗期较高, 20 d之后显著降低;在50F+50M、30F+70M处理中表现为齐穗期较低, 20 d以后显著增加;在PK处理、70F+30M处理中一直处于较高水平。NPQ变化趋势与qL基本相反。ETR-PAR光响应曲线拟合结果表明, 70F+30M处理ETRmax、?和Ek值在齐穗期和20 d后值均最高。综合看来,等养分条件下配施30%有机肥具有最优的叶绿素荧光指标组合及籽粒产量;而配施超过50%有机肥由于前期热耗散增大使得用于光合作用的光能份额减少,而施用氮磷钾肥处理则由于后期的衰老使得光能利用效率下降。     

Hydrodynamic method for estimating production carrying capacity of coastal finfish cage aquaculture in Southeast Asia

This paper presents the development of a simple and generally applicable hydrodynamic method for the estimation of production carrying capacity (PCC) of coastal finfish cage aquaculture. Dimensional analysis was used to find significant and general interdependencies between the hydrodynamics at fish farm locations and particulate wastes deposited on the seafloor by fish farms. Modeled ratios of deposition to emission of particulate wastes underneath fish farms were found to be primarily a function of the flow Reynolds numbers at the farming locations and the non-dimensional settling velocity of emitted wastes. In the non-dimensional model, farming conditions include daily feed rate, proportion of unconsumed feed, and carbon content in feed and fish feces. The relationship can be used to estimate the PCC of floating net cages imposing a threshold value for deposition. Results of in-situ assessments of the benthic impacts of several fish farms in an aquaculture site in the northwest of Bali, Indonesia were used to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Predicted results were able to clearly identify fish farms operating beyond ecologically sustainable carrying capacity. The proposed method has broad applicability and could help make decisions regarding the estimation of production potential of individual farms in pristine areas, for providing first estimates in sites that have scarce data, and for assessment, expansion, and optimization of the currently operating aquaculture sites in Southeast Asia, China and potentially other data-poor island nations. As the method relies on dynamic models, it enables straightforward assessments over the entire aquaculture region.     

2018年进口奶牛检疫情况分析

随着十多年的超速发展,我国奶牛业已由单一品种的散养方式逐步转变为高产品种的规模化、集约化养殖方式。然而,我国奶牛整体遗传素质不高,多为进口高产奶牛与地方奶牛的低代次改良品种,以致原奶质量参差不齐,严重制约了我国奶业的健康发展。因此,大规模引进高品质的奶牛品种,已成为我国优化奶牛基因、推动畜牧业产业化发展的重要抓手,但同时也为检疫工作带来了挑战。本文通过分析2018年我国进口奶牛数量、来源国、疫病检出、进境口岸及隔离检疫场分布等数据,结合各来源国的疫病防控特点,有针对性地提出检疫要点,为我国全面提升进口奶牛的检疫水平、切实做好奶牛群体遗传改良计划、加快推进畜牧业转型升级提供参考。     

DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲解读

推广鉴定大纲是进行农机鉴定工作时的技术要求,是推广鉴定项目实施的最主要依据。为了加大对推广鉴定大纲的宣传,便于农机生产企业、用户、管理部门和鉴定机构理解与使用,本文对DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲中推广鉴定的产品型式、鉴定前的准备工作、鉴定内容和鉴定结论4个方面的主要内容进行了解读。     

施氮量对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响

研究施氮量对柳枝稷叶绿素荧光特性及干物质积累的影响,对提高盐碱地柳枝稷光能利用效率及生物质产量具有重要意义。在宁夏银北地区采用大田试验,以Cave-in-Rock品种柳枝稷为供试材料,在无氮添加(0 kg·hm^-2,N₀)、施低氮(60 kg·hm^-2,N₆₀)、中氮(120 kg·hm^-2,N₁₂₀)和高氮(240 kg·hm^-2,N₂₄₀)共4个施肥水平下,比较了开花期和成熟期柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光参数和干物质积累动态变化,采用灰色关联度分析法对柳枝稷叶片叶绿素荧光参数与干物质积累量进行研究。结果表明:与N₀相比,在N₆₀、N₁₂₀和N₂₄₀处理下柳枝稷开花期和成熟期叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)和干物质积累量均显著性提高,在N₂₄₀处理下达到峰值,而热耗散量子比率(F_o/F_m)显著性降低。在柳枝稷开花期,随着施氮量的增加,柳枝稷叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)显现出先上升后逐渐下降的总趋势。在N₁₂₀处理下柳枝稷叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)最大,为3.13,较N₀处理显著提高了16.26%。柳枝稷干物质积累量随着生育时期的推进和施氮量的增加,均有不同程度的提高,其中在开花期至成熟期,干物质积累缓慢,在灌浆期达到最大,成熟后期略有降低。柳枝稷成熟期干物质积累量在N₂₄₀处理下最高,每穴干物质积累达378.13 g,较N₀、N₆₀和N₁₂₀处理显著提高了24.33%、20.09%和7.24%。灰色关联度分析结果表明,在本试验条件范围内,N₂₄₀处理下加权关联度与理想施肥水平的关联度最大,有利于促进PSⅡ的光化学活性,从而提高柳枝稷干物质积累量。